Table 3 Cotton seed coating treatments
From: Cotton seed management: traditional and emerging treatment approaches for enhanced productivity
S. No | Types of seed coating | Result | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
1 | Imidacloprid seed treatment | • Imidacloprid treatment of cotton seeds enhanced the seedling vigour and yield compared with the untreated seeds | (Patil et al. 2003) |
2 | Natural amino polysaccharide in seed film coating | • Cotton seeds coated with amino polysaccharide increased seed germination, plant growth, and yield • Untreated cotton seeds had a germination rate of 85% and treated cotton seeds had a germination rate of 88% | (Zeng et al. 2011) |
3 | Novel environmentally friendly cotton seed coating agent | • Seed coating made up of natural polysaccharides and other compounds increased the yield by 9%, decreased the cost by 35%, and were safer compared with conventional coating agents • The untreated cotton seeds had a germination rate of 80% and the treated cotton seeds had a germination rate of 96% • Among various concentrations, 1% of natural polysaccharide gave the highest germination rate of 97% | (Zeng et al. 2011) |
4 | Seed coating agent from combination of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria | • Biological seed coating agents increased the germination rate by 11%, plant height by 14%, fresh weight by 19%, dry weight by 25%, and leaf area by 47% compared with chemical seed coating agents • The chemical seed coating agent had a germination rate of 58% and the biological seed coating agent had an increased germination rate of 69% | (Wu et al. 2012) |
5 | Synthetic polymer coating and seed treatment chemicals | • Seeds coated with a synthetic polymer (polykote) and chemical (vitavax) increased the germination rate, vigour index, and electrical conductivity • During 2 months of storage, the germination rate of untreated and treated seeds was 85% and 88%, respectively • After 10 months of storage, the germination rate of untreated and treated seeds was 61% and 72%, respectively | (Bharamaraj Badiger et al. 2014) |
6 | Microencapsulated Bacillus subtilis SL-13 seed coating | • Cotton seeds treated with encapsulated microbial seed coating (ESCA) increased the germination rate by 28% • MDA content of ESCA coated seedlings was decreased indicating reduced lipid peroxidation and increased seedling and root growth | Tu et al. 2016 |
7 | Seed polymer coating with micronutrients | • Polymer seed coating with micronutrients and two foliar sprays during the flowering stage increased the yield of cotton by 16%, pigeon pea by 19%, chickpea by 16%, and groundnut by 13% compared with the control • The treated cotton seeds recorded higher germination rate (87%) and seed vigour index of 2 613 when compared with untreated seeds | (Vasudevan et al. 2016) |
8 | Nutrient based seed coating | • Seed coating formulation increased the plant growth, boll yield, seed yield, chlorophyll content, and branching pattern • Among the three dosages that were tested, 40 g·kg−1 showed the highest improvement on cotton • The untreated seeds had a germination rate of 79% and the treated seeds had a germination rate of 84% • The untreated plant gave a seed cotton yield of 1 188 kg·hm-2 and the treated plant gave a yield of 2 575 kg·hm-2 | (Bhaskaran 2017) |
9 | Polymer seed coating, fungicide seed treatment | • Seeds treated with polymer and fungicide (thiram) increased the germination rate, seedling length, seedling vigour indices, and dry weight compared with the untreated seeds | (Mahantesh et al. 2017) |
10 | Micronutrients and potassium humate | • Foliar application along with seed coating treatment gave the highest yield, seed index, boll weight, and number of open bolls. • Seeds coated with micronutrients and potassium humate gave the highest yield, fibre strength, and a significant increase in seed index, boll weight, and the number of open bolls | (El-Ashmouny et al. 2018) |
11 | Carboxin from seed coating formulation | • The untreated seeds had a germination rate of 84% and the treated seeds had a germination rate of 85% initially • After 6 months of storage, untreated seeds had a germination rate of 70% and treated seeds had a germination rate of 79% indicating that the coating increased the germination rate even after storage • Carboxin seed coating enhanced the seed vigour, germination rate, seedling growth, and the ability to resist low temperature climates | (Xiao et al. 2019) |
12 | Micronutrient seed treatment | • Nutrient seed dressing (100% NPK + Zn ethylene diamine tetra acetate (EDTA)) of cotton seeds increased the germination, plant height, root density, leaf area, and number of leaves compared with other treatments and controls • The control (100% NPK) had a germination rate of 95% and the cotton seeds with nutrient seed dressing (100% NPK + Zn EDTA) had a germination rate of 99% | (Kale et al. 2022) |
13 | Lentinan and fluopimomide | • Cotton seeds coated with lentinan and fluopimomide increased the seedling growth, germination rate, expression of plant defence genes but reduced the incidence of damping off disease • The control had a germination rate of 88% and the coated cotton seeds of three varieties (Lumian 28, 38, 338) had a germination rate of 86%, 93%, and 93%, respectively | (Sun et al. 2022) |
14 | Bio stimulant and Bio insecticidal | • Cotton seeds coated with B. bassiana increased the growth parameters such as the number of shoots, leaves, and apical buds, plant height, stem diameter, fresh and dried biomass, and total chlorophyll content compared with uncoated seeds • B. bassiana coating also significantly reduced the infestation caused by Aphis gossypii after 5 weeks compared with the control • After 144 h of coating treatment, the control seeds had a germination rate of 96% and the coated seeds had a germination rate of 100% | (Mantzoukas et al. 2023) |