Table 1 The research progress in pigment gland genes
From: An overview of pigment gland morphogenesis and its regulatory mechanism
Gene | Source species | Gene clone | Encode TF | Function in pigment gland | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gl1 (GoSPGF) | G. hirsutum | Yes | GRAS | Responsible for the glandless phenotype on the stems, petioles, hypocotyl and boll shells | McMichael, 1954 |
gl2, gl3 | G. hirsutum | Yes | bHLH | Responsible for the completely glandless phenotype in all parts of cotton | McMichael, 1960 |
gl4 | G. hirsutum | No | - | Weak alleles, reducing pigment glands in all parts of cotton | Lee, 1962 |
gl5 | G. hirsutum | No | - | Weak alleles, reducing pigment glands in all parts of cotton | Lee, 1962 |
gl6 | G. hirsutum | No | - | Similar but slighter effects to gl1 | Murray, 1965 |
gl2arb | G. arboreum | No | - | The multiple allele of gl2 with similar function in G. arboreum | Bell et al, 1977 |
gl3thur | G. thurberi | No | - | The multiple allele of gl3 with similar function in G. thurberi | Bell et al., 1977 |
gl3dav | G. davidsonii | No | - | The multiple allele of gl3 with similar function in G. davidsonii | Bell et al., 1977 |
gl3rai | G. raimondii | No | - | The multiple allele of gl3 with similar function in G. raimondii | Bell et al., 1977 |
gl2b, gl3b | G. barbadense | No | - | The multiple allele of gl2 and gl3 with similar function in G. barbadense | Bell et al., 1977 |
gl3n | G. hirsutum | No | - | Responsible for the character of glanded plants and glandless cottonseeds | Zhang et al., 2001 |
Gl2b | G. bickii | No | - | Responsible for the delayed pigment gland morphogenesis trait | Zhu et al., 2004 |
Gl2e (GoPGF) | G. barbadense | Yes | bHLH | Dominant glandless allele, responsible for the completely glandless phenotype in all parts of cotton. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of GoPGF genes resulted in the completely glandless phenotype in cotton. Silencing GoPGF using a seed-specific promoter led to a glandless phenotype with an ultra-low gossypol content in the cottonseeds | |
CGF1 | G. hirsutum | Yes | bHLH | Reducing the number of pigment glands in all parts of cotton | Janga et al., 2019 |
CGF2 (GhJUB1) | G. hirsutum | Yes | NAC | Reducing the gland density in all parts of cotton. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of CGF2 genes reduces gland density and terpenoids in the leaves of mutants | |
CGF3 | G. hirsutum | Yes | bHLH | Synonym of GoPGF, responsible for the completely glandless phenotype. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of CGF3 genes results in glandless phenotype | Janga et al., 2019 |
GauGRAS1 | G. australe | Yes | GRAS | Homologous gene of GoSPGF, responsible for stem pigment gland formation | Cai et al., 2020 |
GbiERF114 | G. bickii | Yes | AP2/ERF | Affecting pigment gland formation and reducing the pigment gland density | Sun et al., 2023 |
GbiZAT11 | G. bickii | Yes | C2H2 | Affecting pigment gland formation and reducing the pigment gland density | Sun et al., 2023 |
GbiNTL9 | G. bickii | Yes | NAC | Affecting pigment gland formation and reducing the pigment gland density | Sun et al., 2023 |