Fig. 1

Distribution of aphid species with observed male at subfamily (A), race (B) and genus (C) level. Some races are nameless and therefore not counted in the corresponding race. The statistics of genus level only the top 10 genera are showed in the figure. The male aphids with winged (alatae), wingless (apterous), and alternate wing (alatae and apterous) were defined as Class I, II, III